11. Evolution and Growth of Print Journalism in India
William bolts
• First attempt to start a newspaper in Calcutta in 1776 but his efforts to publish newspaper were not approved by the Company
• JAMES AUGUSTUS HICKEY:
• James Augustus Hickey who published the first newspaper In January 29th 1780, It was called the Bengal Gazette, Calcutta General Advertiser and Hicky’s gazette
• Hickey is regarded as the father of the Indian press
• He described Bengal gazette weekly political and commercial paper open to all parties but influenced by none
• James Augustus Hickey’s personal contention with the British rule or its representative- East India Company
• The content was mainly for criticizing the East India Company. But to make it more catchy and readable, Hickey added other things four page Gazette, like a Gossip column, a poet’s corner, news related the European scandals and most importantly the advertisement
• There were two rival groups :one group supporting Warren Hastings, and another group led by Philip Francis who himself an aspirant of the post of the Governor General.
• The newspaper was entirely against Warren Hastings and his friend Elijah Impey, the chief justice of the Supreme Court.
• The newspaper survived only for two years.
After Bengal Gazette:
• Rival paper(Messink and Reed) established India Gazette in the year 1780 as a voice against Bengal Gazette. It was a new paper of quality and standard in comparison to Hickey’s newspaper, India Gazette enjoyed the patronage of Warren Hastings in the form of all facilities from him. Approximately 200 newspapers/ journals came into existence between 1780 and 1857 but most of them were closed within short duration of time.
Early Newspapers of Calcutta
• 1780 November – India Gazette by Bernard Mess ink
• 1784 February – Calcutta Gazette and Oriental Advertiser
• 1785 February – Bengal Journal by Thomas Jones
• 1785 May – Oriental Magazine/Calcutta Amusement, first monthly
• 1786 January – Calcutta Chronicle
• 1796 – The Telegraph
• 1799 – The Relator
• 1795 – The Harakuru, name changed in 1864 Indian Daily News
Early newspapers of Madras
• 1785 – Madras Courier by Richard Johnson
• 1795 Weekly Madras Gazette by Robert William
• 1795 – Indian Herald by Humphrey (without authority was arrested)
• As a result censorship was introduced in 1795
Early Press in Bombay
• 1789 – Bombay Herald, weekly
• 1790 – Bombay Courier by Luke Ashberner, name changed to Bombay Times in 1838 under the editorship of Robert Knight
• 1791 – Bombay Gazette
• 1792 - Bombay herald and Bombay Gazette merged
• 1816 – Bengal Gazette, The first Indian owned newspaper by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
James Silk Buckingham
• Father of indian journalism
• He came to India in 1818 as the editor of the “ Calcutta Chronicle”
• Biweekly paper consisiting of 8 pages
• Contain political, commercial and literary news and views.
• This set a new standard in calcutta journalism as correspondence columns were open to all who had grievance.
• Buckingham paper was interested in discussing the acts and policies of bengal govermnet, postal service ,the police , the military establishment and government attitude to various matters of public interest.
• Buckingham criticised the policy of sati and denounced the government’s failure to put an and to this system.
• Calcutta journal was acknowledged to be the be the best produced paper and the best in content and presentation.
• Buckngham first encounter with authoritoes of east india company col rubinson.
• In england buckingham started the “ Oriental Herald”
• Role and contribution of buckingham in indian journalism :
• Imparted a quality of leadership
• Unbiased news
• Made the newspaper the mirror of the people
• He set a examples of others.
William bolts
• First attempt to start a newspaper in Calcutta in 1776 but his efforts to publish newspaper were not approved by the Company
• JAMES AUGUSTUS HICKEY:
• James Augustus Hickey who published the first newspaper In January 29th 1780, It was called the Bengal Gazette, Calcutta General Advertiser and Hicky’s gazette
• Hickey is regarded as the father of the Indian press
• He described Bengal gazette weekly political and commercial paper open to all parties but influenced by none
• James Augustus Hickey’s personal contention with the British rule or its representative- East India Company
• The content was mainly for criticizing the East India Company. But to make it more catchy and readable, Hickey added other things four page Gazette, like a Gossip column, a poet’s corner, news related the European scandals and most importantly the advertisement
• There were two rival groups :one group supporting Warren Hastings, and another group led by Philip Francis who himself an aspirant of the post of the Governor General.
• The newspaper was entirely against Warren Hastings and his friend Elijah Impey, the chief justice of the Supreme Court.
• The newspaper survived only for two years.
After Bengal Gazette:
• Rival paper(Messink and Reed) established India Gazette in the year 1780 as a voice against Bengal Gazette. It was a new paper of quality and standard in comparison to Hickey’s newspaper, India Gazette enjoyed the patronage of Warren Hastings in the form of all facilities from him. Approximately 200 newspapers/ journals came into existence between 1780 and 1857 but most of them were closed within short duration of time.
Early Newspapers of Calcutta
• 1780 November – India Gazette by Bernard Mess ink
• 1784 February – Calcutta Gazette and Oriental Advertiser
• 1785 February – Bengal Journal by Thomas Jones
• 1785 May – Oriental Magazine/Calcutta Amusement, first monthly
• 1786 January – Calcutta Chronicle
• 1796 – The Telegraph
• 1799 – The Relator
• 1795 – The Harakuru, name changed in 1864 Indian Daily News
Early newspapers of Madras
• 1785 – Madras Courier by Richard Johnson
• 1795 Weekly Madras Gazette by Robert William
• 1795 – Indian Herald by Humphrey (without authority was arrested)
• As a result censorship was introduced in 1795
Early Press in Bombay
• 1789 – Bombay Herald, weekly
• 1790 – Bombay Courier by Luke Ashberner, name changed to Bombay Times in 1838 under the editorship of Robert Knight
• 1791 – Bombay Gazette
• 1792 - Bombay herald and Bombay Gazette merged
• 1816 – Bengal Gazette, The first Indian owned newspaper by Gangadhar Bhattacharya.
James Silk Buckingham
• Father of indian journalism
• He came to India in 1818 as the editor of the “ Calcutta Chronicle”
• Biweekly paper consisiting of 8 pages
• Contain political, commercial and literary news and views.
• This set a new standard in calcutta journalism as correspondence columns were open to all who had grievance.
• Buckingham paper was interested in discussing the acts and policies of bengal govermnet, postal service ,the police , the military establishment and government attitude to various matters of public interest.
• Buckingham criticised the policy of sati and denounced the government’s failure to put an and to this system.
• Calcutta journal was acknowledged to be the be the best produced paper and the best in content and presentation.
• Buckngham first encounter with authoritoes of east india company col rubinson.
• In england buckingham started the “ Oriental Herald”
• Role and contribution of buckingham in indian journalism :
• Imparted a quality of leadership
• Unbiased news
• Made the newspaper the mirror of the people
• He set a examples of others.
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